Understanding the Dawn Phenomenon: Why Blood Sugar Spikes Every Morning in Diabetes.

The dawn phenomenon is a natural rise in blood sugar occurring between approximately 3 a.m. and 8 a.m. in people with diabetes. This surge is triggered by an early-morning release of hormones such as cortisol, growth hormone, glucagon, and epinephrine. These hormones signal the liver to increase glucose production to supply the body with energy to wake up.

In individuals without diabetes, the pancreas responds by releasing insulin to balance this glucose increase. However, in people with diabetes, insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance prevents adequate glucose regulation, leading to elevated blood sugar levels in the morning known as hyperglycemia.

This phenomenon is common, affecting over 50% of people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Persistent morning hyperglycemia due to the dawn phenomenon can raise A1C levels over time, increasing the risk of diabetes-related complications.

To manage the dawn phenomenon, healthcare providers may adjust the timing or dosage of diabetes medications or insulin. Monitoring blood sugar levels overnight using glucose meters or continuous glucose monitors helps distinguish dawn phenomenon from other causes like the Somogyi effect (a rebound high sugar following nighttime low blood sugar).

Lifestyle strategies such as avoiding high-carb snacks before bed, maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, and managing stress can also help reduce the impact of the dawn phenomenon. Understanding and managing this early-morning blood sugar rise is vital for maintaining stable glucose levels and improving overall diabetes control.

This knowledge empowers people with diabetes to work with their healthcare team for tailored treatment plans that address dawn phenomenon effectively.

The dawn phenomenon highlights why blood sugar management requires a 24-hour approach beyond just mealtime control.

Reference

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetes/expert-answers/dawn-effect/faq-20057937: